Crafting Interactive Paper  



Papermaking is an ancient yet evolving craft, with changes in techniques and materials giving paper contemporary qualities that keep it relevant for everyday use. 

This adaptability makes papermaking an ideal process for crafting computational composites for tangible interactions. In this project, we proposed new ways of integrating different functional physical materials into paper’s structure through traditional papermaking. With this, we demonstrate how paper as an ancient composite can be used for interactive and tangible interfaces.



Authors
Qian Ye
Sheryl Teng
E Ian Siew
Ching-Chiuan Yen
Clement Zheng


Assistants
Hannah Ang
Ho Cheng Ze


CHI 2025
Paper











Simplifying Ancient Papermaking
We began by studying ancient Chinese papermaking. The main five steps of the ancient craft are: (1) Pulp preparation: chop bamboo and float it in a basin; (2) Soaking: cook thoroughly over a strong fire; (3) Sheet formation: rinse and spread the material onto a bamboo screen; (4) Pressing: cover the sheet and press to squeeze out excess water; (5) Finishing: heat and bake the sheet dry on a hot wall. 

We explored replicating this traditional process by hand, while simplifying the practice into five main steps with tools that were accessible to us as design researchers and novice paper makers.


1—Pulping

2—Soaking

3—Screening

4—Pressing

5—Drying





Adapting Ancient Papermaking
We then adapted these steps to imbue the paper with interactive and computational properties, such as incorporating conductive materials during pulp preparation, modifying fiber properties through soaking, and customizing sheet texture through watermarking, multi-layering, and laminating with bioplastics. 


Conductive paper through mixing carbon fibers


Color changing paper through soaking in pH sensitive red cabbage extract


Textured paper through watermarking

Multilayered functionality through stacking

Laminating paper with bioplastics







Expressive Applications
We combined these different papermaking adaptions into complex outcomes, demonstrated across these interactive applications



1—Touch sensitive wall lamp

2—Cave art interactive sound installation


3—Natural coloring kit


4—Pressure-sensing trivet

 




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